IsArt Another Way of of Describing a Vertical Hierarchy

Near

• Developed by Rahul Unity Technologies
• Cross-platform game engine
  • PC : Windows / Linux / macOs
  • Consoles PS3 / X360 - PS4 / XOne / Switch / 3DS / P Southward Vita
  • Mobile : Android / iOS
  • VR
  • Web
• Exploits several Graphics API
  • OpenGL
  • DirectX
  • Metallic
  • Vulkan

Most

• First version was released in june eight, 2005
• Merely available on Windows and macOs systems for now
• Just there is an experimental version for Linux (old)

Versions

• Since the beginning Unity worked with the Semantic Versioning Organisation:
  • x.y.z
  • four.6.one
  • 5.5
  • etc...
• Today Unity work on a year versioning arrangement:
  • 2017.ten
  • 2018.x
  • etc...

The Middleware

Definition

Allows multiple trades to develop a game / application through a single tool

Unity API

C#
Javascript

Boo (Python)

Particle System Engine (Shuriken)

Compilers

• Mono: based on .NET 2.0 / 3.5 and 4.6
  • Primary Focus: quick iteration and sandboxing, enable productivity
  • Code quality: Non crawly
• IL2CPP
  • ​Primary focus: shipping on not-JIT platform (iOS)
  • Code quality: mixed results. Some OK, some bad
  • Difficult to iterate on code quality due to additional C++ step

Today Unity have the possibility to switch between compilers:

Compilers

Burst (available on 2018.2):

• Custom in-house compiler stack to take advantage of amend defaults performance
• Primary focus : on performance
• A functioning Sandbox

Mono Framework

• Mono is a based framework on .NET 2.0 / 3.five  and 4.six
• This framework is used as a scripting framework
• This is non the compiler that builds Unity
• Only used to compile JavaScript / C# / Boo scripts

C# with Mono & .NET

IL (Intermediate language) Lawmaking

But-In-Time (JIT) Compiler

The Common Language Runtime

IL2CPP

• It'southward an other scripting framework adult by Unity
• Used as an alternative to Mono when building projects to specific platforms
  • Android
  • iOS
  • Nintendo 3DS and Switch
  • etc...

C# with IL2CPP

The Interface

1. Scene View : Editable 3D game objects in the electric current scene
2. Hierarchy : Text list of game objects and sub-objects in the electric current scene
3. Game View : Preview how game volition look when executing
4. Project : Content of Project assets folder
   1. Libraries
   2. Scripts
   3. Sprites
   4. Etc.
5. Inspector : Properties of the currently selected item
   1. Game Object
   2. File from the Project
   3. Etc.

Technical Organization

C-E-S

• Component Entity System is a design pattern used in Unity3D
• Here an case : we having a strong hiearchy of inheritance
• Nosotros have the instance where nosotros want to build an EvilTree class
• There is a problem, considering of our hierarchy, our class have to exist in the middle and inherits two classes
• This is where the CES blueprint comes

C-East-Due south

• Component : Like a C struct. Only capable to storing data
  • Position
  • Velocity
  • Physics
  • Sprite
• Entity : is something that exists in our game world. It's like a list of components
  • Rock (position, sprite)
• System : This is where we put the logic. It exploits data which come from entities (their components)
  • Move (Position, Velocity) : Adds velocity to our position
  • Gravity : Accellerate velocity due to gravity

C-E-Due south

C-E-S

• Unity doesn't exploit fully this design design
• It try to exploit mainly the Component and Entity role
• Since the last GDC they working on a new architecture using the whole Design Pattern in their own way
• More example : https://www.youtube.com/picket?5=lNTaC-JWmdI

Scripting

An Entity is composed by components which are categorized in two parts:

• Data : position, material (texture and shaders)
• Scripts : code that manipulate those data or data coming from some other Entity

                using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine;  public class Role player : MonoBehaviour {     // Employ this for initialization     void Commencement()     {     }      // Update is called once per frame     void Update()     {     } }              

• When we create a script from Unity, it will generate some code to be functionnal
• Every script is a class which derive from the base class MonoBehaviour
• With this inheritance, Unity will consider this script as a component that nosotros tin can attach to an entity

GameObject Paradigm

Assets (Resource Library)

Unity Events

• The engine handle information technology'due south ain chief loop game organisation
• So nosotros don't need to develop our ain
• Merely that's mean that we have to respect the engine procedure and its dissimilar events
• There is a ton of events, here some examples :
  • Awake
  • Start
  • Update
  • FixedUpdate
  • LateUpdate
  • OnTriggerXXX
  • OnCollisionXXX
  • Etc...

Unity Events

Big picture of the monobehaviour flowchart

• Splited in 11 steps
  • Initialization
  • Editor
  • Physics
  • Input Events
  • Game Logic
  • Scene Rendering
  • Gizmo Rendering
  • GUI Rendering
  • End of Frame
  • Pausing
  • Decommissioning

Unity Events

Here some fundamentals events you must know :

• Awake(): is called each fourth dimension that we instantiate an instance
• Start(): is chosen earlier the first frame update but if the script is enabled
• FixedUpdate(): is called called at least once per frame (we perform the physics part)
• Update(): is chosen once per frame (nosotros perform the game logic part)
• LateUpdate(): is called once per frame at the finish of the frame after Update() (we can perform camera animations)
• OnCollisionXXX methods : are chosen when there is an interaction collision betwixt 2 objects
• OnTriggerXXX methods : are called when in that location is a collision between 2 objects but there is no physics application (objects can overlap)

A Frame

• Time.time
• Time.deltaTime
• C# System.Timers.Timer

Update() and FixedUpdate()

FixedUpdate() is synchronized with Physics Engine steps while Update() runs on each frame. Always utilize FixedUpdate() for Physics!

Architecturing a game

Quick answer: information technology'southward impossible to make a generic compages of scripts for every type of game

Non so quick reply: information technology'due south possible to respect a set of rules that we can apply on the majority of projects

Volition exist the whole runtime

1. Is the script is reusable in the projection (or outside)?
2. How to keep command of our game during the whole execution?
3. What should be always available for our entities?
4. How nosotros should manage resources? (textures, prefabs)

Questions

Links

morganwhirds.blogspot.com

Source: https://slides.com/plimsky/isart-unity3d-01

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